Triclocarban enhances testosterone action: A new type of endocrine disruptor? Endocrinology, 3 , Christen, V. Some flame retardants and the antimicrobials triclosan and triclocarban enhance the androgenic activity in vitro. Chemosphere, 81 10 , Huang, H.
Wang, X. The in vitro estrogenic activities of triclosan and triclocarban. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 34 9 , James, M. Triclosan is a potent inhibitor of estradiol and estrone sulfonation in sheep placenta. Environment International, 36 8 , Kumar, V. Alteration of testicular steroidogenesis and histopathology of reproductive system in male rats treated with triclosan.
Reproductive Toxicology, 27 2 , Paul, K. Short-term exposure to triclosan decreases thyroxine in vivo via upregulation of hepatic catabolism in young long-evans rats. Brands and products containing triclosan include: [18]. Triclosan enters the environment either via effluent released from wastewater treatment plants or in sewage sludge applied to land. On August 10, , the Food Rights Network announced in a news release that "Independent tests of sewage sludge-derived compost from the Synagro CVC plant -- distributed free to gardeners since by the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission in their "organic biosolids compost" giveaway program -- have found appreciable concentrations of contaminants with endocrine-disruptive properties.
The independent tests were conducted for the Food Rights Networkby Dr. Robert C. Hale of the Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences. In an August 6, , letter reporting on his findings to the Food Rights Network Robert Hale wrote: "A sewage sludge-derived compost from the Synagro CVC plant, distributed by the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission in their "compost give away" program, was analyzed for synthetic pollutants. Several classes of emerging contaminants with endocrine disruptive properties were detected in appreciable concentrations, including polybrominated diphenyl ether PBDE flame retardants, nonylphenols NPs detergent breakdown products and the antibacterial agent triclosan.
A study by researchers at the University of Toledo examined the uptake of three pharmaceuticals, carbamazepine , diphenhydramine Benadryl , and fluoxetine Prozac , and two personal care products, triclosan and triclocarban , by soybean plants.
The plants concentrated carbamazepine, triclosan, and triclocarban in their roots but the three chemicals were found translocated in the above ground parts of the plants, including the beans. Concentrations were higher in the plants grown in simulated biosolids, or sewage sludge.
Humans are exposed to triclosan through the many consumer products containing it and possibly by ingesting food grown in fields fertilized with contaminated sewage sludge [32] [33] After use of toothpaste containing triclosan, triclosan can remain present in human saliva for several hours.
Triclosan can also be absorbed by the skin into the blood stream. In studies, it is excreted, primarily as unchanged triclosan, over several days in the feces and urine. This represents a Measured as micrograms per gram of creatinine, mean urinary triclosan increased from Triclosan is a suspected endocrine disruptor. The evidence showed that triclosan in that product was effective in preventing gingivitis.
For other products, such as over-the-counter OTC consumer antiseptic products, FDA has not received evidence that triclosan provides a benefit to human health.
As a result, companies will not be able to use triclosan or 23 other active ingredients in these products without premarket review due to insufficient data regarding their safety and effectiveness. The FDA recently issued a final rule on OTC hand sanitizers and will continue to review the three active ingredients commonly used in hand sanitizers. Antibacterial soaps and body washes, and fluoride toothpastes are considered OTC drugs. If an OTC drug contains triclosan, it should be listed as an ingredient on the label, in the Drug Facts box.
If a cosmetic contains triclosan, it should be included in the ingredient list on the product label.
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